# Example Outputs — Borehole Logs & Lab Results | G&

> Anonymised sample outputs generated by G&: AGS 4.1 borehole logs, laboratory test summaries, particle size distribution curves, and Atterberg limits sheets.

## OUT-01 — Borehole log — soils sequence

Standards: BS 5930 · BS EN ISO 14688 / 14689 · ASTM D1586 · AGS 4.1

Production log sheet: depth and elevation scales, USCS group symbols, stratum descriptions with top/bottom levels, sample type and interval, SPT increments with computed N, fines content, hammer weight and casing details — regenerated on every data change.

- **Stratum descriptions** (BS EN ISO 14688-1/-2 · BS 5930 §35) — Soil naming, secondary constituents, and colour terms written in fixed dictionary order — no free text.
- **USCS group symbols** (ASTM D2487) — SM / ML / CL assigned by the classification engine from grading and plasticity, not typed by the logger.
- **SPT increments and N** (ASTM D1586 · BS EN ISO 22476-3) — Blow counts recorded per increment; N is the sum of the second and third increments, refusal shown as 50/xx and flagged R.
- **Clay qu — unconfined compressive strength** (ASTM D2166 · ASTM D2573 · BS 1377-7) — For cohesive clay, qu is the unconfined compressive strength recorded against the interval where it was measured — by field penetrometer or vane in the hole, or by laboratory UCS once tested. The engine computes cᵤ = qu / 2, so clay strength is carried on the log and not only on the rock runs.
- **Log structure and export** (AGS 4.1 (LOCA, GEOL, SAMP, ISPT)) — Every plotted element resolves to one AGS group and heading, dictionary-checked before export.

## OUT-02 — Borehole log — rock coring and recovery

Standards: BS 5930 · ASTM D6032 · Eurocode 7 · AGS 4.1

Continuation sheet through weak rock: core runs, weathering and fracture descriptions, TCR / RQD / SCR percentages, fracture index and point-load strength, plotted against the same depth datum as the soils sequence.

- **Rock descriptions** (BS EN ISO 14689 · BS 5930 §36) — Strength, weathering grade, fracture state and colour recorded as coded terms, then rendered to text.
- **TCR / SCR / RQD** (BS 5930 §26 · ASTM D6032) — Computed from measured run and piece lengths by the standards engine, never typed on the log.
- **Fracture index and rock qu (UCS)** (Eurocode 7 · ASTM D7012 · ASTM D5731) — Fractures per metre and intact rock strength — qu measured directly as UCS, or correlated from the point-load index Is₅₀ — kept with the run they were measured on and unit-checked before export. The same qu heading carries clay strength on the soils sheet, so the two are never mixed.
- **Continuation integrity** (AGS 4.1 (CORE, GEOL, DETL)) — Depths, elevations and stratum boundaries carry across pages from one record — no re-keying between sheets.

## OUT-03 — Summary of laboratory test results

Standards: BS 1377 · ASTM · Eurocode 7 · AGS 4.1

Every scheduled test for a location on one governed sheet: gradation, shear parameters, Atterberg limits, consolidation, collapsibility, rock strength, and chemical analysis.

- **Shear parameters c′, φ′** (ASTM D3080 · BS 1377-7) — Derived from the retained stress path per specimen; characteristic value selection stays with the engineer under Eurocode 7 §2.4.5.2.
- **Consolidation Cc, Cs, OCR** (ASTM D2435 · BS 1377-5) — Fitted from the e–log σ′ curve by the engine; the fit itself is stored and re-checkable.
- **Collapse potential Cp** (ASTM D4546) — Single-oedometer method, inundation stress recorded with the result so the value is never ambiguous.
- **Units and precision** (BS 1377-1 · AGS 4.1 unit dictionary) — Units and decimal precision fixed per heading, so no sheet reports a value the AGS file cannot express.

## OUT-04 — Particle-size analysis

Standards: ASTM D7928 / D6913 · BS EN ISO 14688-1

Sieve and sedimentation data plotted from raw measurements, with fractions, effective diameter, and gradation coefficients derived by the standards engine.

- **Sieving and sedimentation** (ASTM D6913 / D7928) — Coarse fraction by wet sieving, fines by hydrometer; both series plotted on one governed curve.
- **Fraction boundaries** (BS EN ISO 14688-1) — Clay / silt / sand / gravel bands drawn at standard limits rather than chart-drawing convenience.
- **Cu and Cc** (ASTM D2487) — Uniformity and gradation coefficients interpolated from D10, D30, D60 by the engine.

## OUT-05 — Liquid limit, plastic limit & plasticity index

Standards: ASTM D4318 · ASTM D2487 · BS 5930

Flow curve, limits, and plasticity index computed from the recorded blow counts and moisture contents, with the A-line classification returned automatically.

- **Liquid limit** (ASTM D4318 (multipoint)) — Method recorded with the result; multipoint and cone methods are never averaged or silently interchanged.
- **Plastic limit & PI** (ASTM D4318 §16) — PI = LL − PL computed by the engine from the accepted determinations only.
- **Plasticity chart position** (ASTM D2487 A-line · BS 5930 chart) — CL / CH / ML / MH assignment follows from the plotted point, not from an engineer typing a symbol.

## OUT-06 — Direct shear test — soaked

Standards: ASTM D3080 / D3080M · BS 1377-7

Shear stress versus displacement for all three normal stresses on one sheet, with specimen geometry, shear rate, and specimen condition carried alongside the curves.

- **Normal stress stages** (ASTM D3080 §11) — Each stage retained as its own series so the peak is read from data, not from a redrawn envelope.
- **Specimen condition** (ASTM D3080 §9) — Disturbed / undisturbed and soaked / unsoaked recorded as governed fields, never as a note.
- **Shear rate** (ASTM D3080 §10) — Rate stored with the test so drainage assumptions can be re-checked years later.

## OUT-07 — One-dimensional consolidation — e vs log σ′

Standards: ASTM D2435 · BS 1377-5 · Eurocode 7

Loading and unloading branches plotted from the recorded height readings, with Cc, Cs, and OCR fitted by the engine and the initial condition stated on the sheet.

- **Cc and Cs** (ASTM D2435 §11) — Compression and swelling indices fitted from the e–log σ′ branches; the fit is stored, not just the number.
- **Ring constants** (ASTM D2435 §6) — Diameter, height, and area retained so void ratios can be recomputed from the original weighings.
- **OCR** (Eurocode 7 §2.4.3) — Reported as a derived value with its governing standard edition attached.

## OUT-08 — Volume change oedometer — collapse potential

Standards: ASTM D4546

Single-oedometer collapse test with the inundation point marked on the curve and the collapse potential computed from the void ratio change at that stress.

- **Inundation stress** (ASTM D4546 §8) — The stress at which water is added is plotted and stored, so the result is never reported without its basis.
- **Collapse potential Cp** (ASTM D4546 §11) — Cp = Δe / (1 + e₀) × 100 computed by the engine from the accepted readings.
- **Initial condition** (ASTM D4546 §9) — Void ratio, specific gravity, density, and saturation retained with the specimen record.

## OUT-09 — Unconfined compression test — soil

Standards: ASTM D2166

Stress–strain curve for a cohesive specimen with qu and cohesion returned from the peak, and moisture and density states recorded with the test.

- **qu and cohesion** (ASTM D2166 §10) — c = qu / 2 computed by the engine from the plotted peak, not entered by hand.
- **Moisture and density** (ASTM D2216) — Wet and dry densities from oven-dry masses retained per specimen.

## OUT-10 — Rock core — compressive strength & elastic modulus

Standards: ASTM D7012 (Method D)

Stress–strain response of an intact core specimen, with corrected UCS and Young's modulus derived from measured specimen geometry.

- **UCS correction** (ASTM D7012 §11) — Crushing stress corrected for the diameter-to-height ratio by the engine, with the equation shown on the sheet.
- **Young's modulus** (ASTM D7012 Method D) — Modulus taken from the recorded stress–strain data, with the test method carried alongside the value.
- **Specimen geometry** (ASTM D4543) — Diameter, height, density, and water content stored with the specimen record.

## OUT-11 — Point load strength index of rock

Standards: ASTM D5731

Point load results across depth intervals with size correction, Is₅₀, and the correlated uniaxial compressive strength returned per specimen.

- **Size correction** (ASTM D5731 §10) — Correction factor computed from the equivalent core diameter De — never applied by hand.
- **Is₅₀ and correlated UCS** (ASTM D5731 §11) — Corrected index and the correlation used to reach UCS are both stored, so the derivation stays visible.
- **Lithology** (BS EN ISO 14689-1) — Rock description taken from the governed dictionary per specimen, matched to the borehole record.

## Standards legend

- **AGS 4.1** — Transfer format, groups, headings, dictionaries
- **BS 5930** — Site investigation practice, description and logging
- **BS 1377** — Laboratory testing of soils for civil engineering
- **BS EN ISO 14688 / 14689** — Identification and classification of soil and rock
- **ASTM** — D1586, D2166, D2216, D2435, D2487, D3080, D4318, D4373, D4546, D5731, D6913, D7012, D7928
- **Eurocode 7** — Geotechnical design — characteristic value derivation and reporting